Kovid, Monkeypox, Langya… Are More And More Viruses Coming From Animals To Humans?

Irene Fernandezmadrid 10/09/2022 15:37 hours.

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was the first monkey poxWhen we were just starting to come out of the covid pandemic. Later, l virus langyaone of marburgThe tomato flu, bird flu… virus that news this summer And there is something in common between them and Covid. These are all viruses that most commonly infect animals, but that have jumped to humans at some point, each with a greater or lesser effect. And what are those reasons? Zoonoses, diseases that spread from animals to humans.

For most of us they are new viruses we haven’t heard of. But for virologists, biologists, veterinarians and other scientists who track them, they are old acquaintances, And for the time being several warnings have been confirming: Increase in zoonotic diseases. Each of these outbreaks will be a new episode described as a threat to global public health.

Because zoonoses have always existed, but the question remains: Are they on the rise now or is it that we are more aware of any outbreaks caused by the virus jumping from animals to humans?

Zoonoses: three out of four emerging diseases

“Now they are showing their faces more zoonoses than before, though they are all viruses that already existclarifies Veterinarian Santiago Vega. “It’s not that there are more zoonotic viruses, it’s that we get more now than ever”, Why? Professor of Animal Health at Cardenal Herrera University-CEU explains, “among other things, because current human habits predispose us to expose ourselves to viruses that were concentrated on areas of the planet we haven’t been to before.” Were and now we go.” ,

Raul Rivas, Professor of Microbiology at the University of Salamanca A few months ago the NIUS recalled that “about 60% of reported emerging infectious diseases worldwide are zoonoses” and “estimates suggest that, worldwide, each year, approximately one billion people become ill. and millions die as a result of zoonotic events. Rivas warned: “Of the more than 30 new human pathogens found in recent decades, 75% have originated in animals.”

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And there are experienced zoonosis experts who have been warning you since the start of the COVID pandemic. Victor Briones, professor of animal health at Complutense University, warns, Already in April 2020, the contact between animals and humans is increasing and therefore, Zoonos will become more and more frequent.

Briones warned: “At present, Three of the four emerging diseases are of zoonotic origin, they come from animals. There have been outbreaks of this type in the past, such as plague, rabies, or more recently SARS (where the original civet was), or MERS (the original was the camel). Will happen again in future. It is an ongoing fact.”

airplane travel virus

Furthermore, like Rivas, Briones also warned that These zoonoses can cause epidemics far more easily than previously thought. The risk is heightened by the massive mobility of the human species and the increased invasion of animal habitats. “now, An outbreak lasts and spreads within 24 hours”, warned the vet.

agrees in vega analysis, “Globalization is bringing these zoonotic viruses to us in greater numbers than ever before.” We have seen, For example, with monkeypox, a virus that was already present but whose cases in humans were very concentrated in Africa. Until a few months ago, when an outbreak appeared in the Canary Islands. Within days, new cases began to emerge in countries such as the United Kingdom or the United States. “From the Canary Islands it has spread all over the world. Thanks to the plane, the first cases appeared at a distance of thousands of kilometers.Vega Comments.

Not all zoonoses are the same

Epidemiologist and former WHO director Daniel López Acuas like to be more cautious What is happening with “The various recently identified zoonoses have very different profiles And we shouldn’t make a clean slate and generalize about its nature”. He acknowledges that “monkeypox is a real increase in the number of cases occurring in non-endemic countries. Since May, it has expanded into isolated epidemic outbreaks in high-risk groups in 92 countries and more than 40,000 cases in non-endemic countries,” he recalls.

but Other recent zoonoses, such as tomato flu or Langya or Marburg viruses, have not had such an effect. In the case of Langya, for example, 35 infections have been recorded in two years and there are no documented cases of contagion among people. Hypothesis with overweight, for the time being, it is a sporadic zoonosis. Most cases have been found in rural people devoted to agriculture and in contact with animals.

“Status of Langya, Tomato fever and Marburg fever are different”, assured López Acuna. ,they are geographically located And we have more sensitivity and diagnostic capability Recognize them early. Because epidemiologists assure that we are more cautious than ever before, and also that zoonoses have been detected. “Undoubted After the pandemic we have alerted our ability to identify the emergence of new zoonoses or resurgence or rebound of already known zoonoses”

care for the health of the planet

But there is one thing on which everyone agrees. “The truth is that With climate change and increasing plundering of nature, the risks of epizootics affecting people have increased.” Lopez Acuna explains. Vega confirms the same: “There are more zoonoses because of the impact humans have on nature: deforestation, climate change…”.

Will we keep getting more and more zoonotic diseases? Vega is echoing in its response: “Yeah, without a doubt.And remember, in addition, “we only know 1% of the viruses that are estimated to be on the planet (not all of them are zoonotic), we still have a lot to know…”.

“So Importance of working together on aspects of human health, animal health and environmental healthto have a health approach”, warned López Acua. Like him, there are many scientists who have long warned about the need for a global outlook and joint work. Take care of the health of the planet and, therefore, the health of all species living in it, including us.

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